Institute for Nuclear Research
and Nuclear Energy
BEO Centre of Excellence
BEOBAL FP6 project
External exposure training
seminar
INRNE, 14-15 Feb 2006
EXTERNAL
EXPOSURE TO NATURAL RADIATION:
SOURCES,
DOSIMETRY METHODS AND THEIR CALIBRATION,
RESULTS OF SOME EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
Prof. D.Sc. František Spurný,
NPI AS CR,
Syllabus
of series of lectures to be given in the frame
of BEOBAL project
A. SOURCES OF THE EXTERNAL EXPOSURE
TO NATURAL RADIATION
I.
Radiation originating in Space
1. Galactic cosmic radiation: origin, composition, levels of exposure in open Space
2. Solar originating particles: origin,
composition, levels of exposure in open Space
3. Radiation
(van Allen) belts: origin, composition, levels of exposure in open Space
4. Transport of radiation originating in space
through the Earth’s atmosphere: cascades of primary radiation interactions,
changes in the composition of secondary particles and in the exposure level
from the open Space to Earth’s surface
II.
Terrestrial sources of the external
exposure to natural radiation
1. Uranium and Thorium decay series
2. Potassium, cosmogenic and other radionuclides
3. Estimation of the level this type of external
exposure through radioactivity measurements and/or through direct dosimetry
measurements – comparison of results
B. DOSIMETRY METHODS. CALIBRATION
I.
Dosimetry methods to estimate
external exposure to natural radiation
1. Methods to determine the contribution of the
component with the low linear energy transfer (LET)
1.1. Active measuring devices and methods
1.2. Passive measuring devices and methods
2. Methods to determine the contribution of the
component with the high LET
2.1. Active measuring devices and methods
2.2. Passive measuring devices and methods
3. Methods to determine the contribution of both
LET components
II. Calibration
1. Reference radiation fields, quantities and
units to be used for calibration
1.1. Low LET radiation reference fields
1.2. High LET (neutron) radiation fields
1.3. Reference fields for high-energy radiation of
natural sources of external exposure
2. Some remarks on problems encountered in the
calibration of instruments for the estimation of the external exposure to
natural radiation
C. EXTERNAL EXPOSURE TO NATURAL
SOURCES – SOME EXAMPLES
I.
Results obtained in the frame of the
collaboration between INRNE BAS and NPI-DRD AS CR
1. High-mountains stations studies and their
results
2. Other common studies
Overview of the external exposure to natural
radiation in
Typical results in a region of increased
natural radiation background
1. Country houses
2. City areas, and houses
II.
Onboard aircraft exposure of crew
and passengers
1. General features
2. Individual monitoring of aircraft crew of Czech
air companies: results 1998 – 2004
III.
Onboard spacecraft exposure
1.
General features
2. Some recent experimental results onboard MIR
and/or International Space Station
